접속사 완벽 정리: 등위·상관·부사절·명사절·접속부사·축약까지 한 번에 끝내기

접속사 완벽 가이드: 등위·상관·부사절·명사절·접속부사·축약까지 한 번에 끝내기

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0) 큰 그림 잡기

• *접속사(conjunction)**는 같은 급의 요소를 연결하거나(등위) 한 문장을 다른 문장에 종속시키는(종속: 부사절·명사절) 기능을 한다.

**접속부사(conjunctive adverb)**는 이름에 ‘접속’이 들어가지만 부사이므로 문장을 직접 연결할 수 없고, 보통 세미콜론(;)이나 등위접속사와 함께 쓴다.

**전치사(preposition)**와 혼동하기 쉬운 표현이 많으니, 뒤에 오는 성분이 절인지(접속사) 명사/동명사인지(전치사)로 구별한다.

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1) 등위접속사 & 등위상관접속사

등위는 같은 품사·구·절을 병렬로 묶는다. 병렬 구조에서는 품사와 형태의 대칭이 핵심이다.

1-1. 기본 등위접속사

접속사 의미 연결 대상 예문

and	그리고	단어/구/절/문장	We designed and tested the prototype
but	그러나	단어/구/절/문장	She applied, but she didn’t accept the offer
yet	그러나, 그럼에도	단어/구/절/문장	It’s risky, yet the upside is large
or	또는	단어/구/절/문장	Choose coffee or tea
so	그래서	문장 ↔ 문장	It was late, so we took a cab
for	왜냐하면	문장 ↔ 문장	I stayed home, for I felt sick

so, for는 문장만 연결 가능

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1-2. 등위상관접속사(짝접속사)

형태 의미 예문

either A or B	A 또는 B	You can submit either a PDF or a DOCX
neither A nor B	A도 B도 아닌	The plan is neither realistic nor cost-effective
both A and B	A와 B 모두	The role requires both leadership and expertise
not A but B	A가 아니라 B	We need not talk but act
not only A but (also) B	A뿐 아니라 B도	She is not only diligent but also creative

병렬 항목 규칙

to lead and to listen / leading and listening처럼 형태를 맞춘다.

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2) 부사절 접속사

부사절 접속사는 완전한 절을 이끌며, 부사절 전체는 문장 내에서 부사 역할을 한다.

문두에 오면 쉼표로 주절과 구분하는 것이 일반적이다.

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2-1. 이유·원인

접속사 의미 예문

because / as / since / for / now that	~이기 때문에	Because demand slowed, we cut guidance. Now that we have data, we can decide
considering that	~을 고려하면	Considering that it’s day 1, progress is solid
inasmuch as	~이므로, ~이니까	Inasmuch as funds are limited, we prioritize safety
on the ground that	~라는 이유로	He refused on the ground that the terms were unfair
seeing that	~이므로	Seeing that time is short, let’s wrap up
so ~ that / so much so that	너무 ~해서 …하다	It was so volatile that trading halted. It was confusing, so much so that we rewrote the spec

be due to + 명사/동명사 = “~ 때문이다” / be due to + 동사원형 = “~할 예정이다”

The delay was due to heavy traffic. The flight is due to depart at noon.

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2-2. 양보

유형 접속사 의미 예문

양보 1	though / although / even though / even if	~임에도	Even though it rained, the match continued
양보 2	while / whereas	~인 반면에	Whereas A grew, B shrank. While the app is simple, the backend is complex

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2-3. 시간

접속사 의미 예문

when	~할 때	When the bell rings, start the test
while	~하는 동안	While I was driving, it started to snow
before / after	~하기 전에 / 후에	Before you leave, check the list. After we ship, monitor metrics
until / up until	~까지	Wait until the light turns green
since	~이래로; ~때문에	Since we met, I’ve learned a lot
as soon as	~하자마자	As soon as results arrive, we’ll publish
by the time	~할 즈음에	By the time you get back, I’ll be done
whenever / each time / every time	~할 때마다	Whenever it rains, traffic worsens
once / as long as / as the time	일단 ~하면 / ~하는 한 / ~할 때	Once you sign, access opens. As long as you try, you improve

특수 패턴

• not A until BNot until he clarified did she understand.
• It was not until he clarified that she understood.
• She didn’t understand until he clarified.

while vs during vs for

• while + S + V: ~하는 동안에 → while you are having lunch
• during + 명사: 기간 → during the vacation
• for + 기간: 특정 기간 → for three years

before의 두 얼굴

• 긍정: It was 40 years before I met him again = 그만큼 시간이 지난 뒤에야 만났다
• 부정: It won’t be long before summer comes = 머지않아 여름이 온다

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2-4. 조건

접속사 의미 예문

suppose / supposing (that)	만약 ~라면	Supposing that we miss the train, take a taxi
provided / providing (that)	~라는 조건으로	You may leave provided that you finish first
granting / granted (that)	~을 인정하더라도	Granted that he is young, he is capable
assuming (that)	~라고 가정하면	Assuming that funds clear, we proceed
in case	~에 대비하여	Bring cash in case cards fail
on condition (that)	~한다는 조건으로	We rent on condition that you insure it
only if	~하는 경우에만	Refunds apply only if sealed
once	일단 ~하면	Once approved, payments start
as long as	~하는 한	As long as you consent, we share data

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2-5. 목적

• so that / in order that + 조동사(can/may/might/should)I saved logs in order that we might debug later.
• We left early so that we could get seats.

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2-6. 기타

표현 의미 예문

in that	~라는 점에서	It’s unique in that it learns offline
except that	~라는 것을 제외하면	It’s fine except that it’s slow
despite the fact that	~에도 불구하고	Despite the fact that costs rose, profit improved
considering / given (that)	~을 고려하면	Given that time is up, submit now
in the event (that)	~인 경우에	In the event that it rains, move indoors
except when	~할 때를 제외하고	Open daily, except when it’s a holiday
whether or not	~인지 아닌지	I’ll go whether or not you join
as if / as though	마치 ~인 것처럼	He spoke as if he knew the answer

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2-7. 혼동 포인트 정리

헷갈림 핵심 구별 예문

in case vs when	대비 vs 시점	Take an umbrella in case it rains. / Call me when you arrive
once vs if	일단 ~하면 vs ~하면	Once you log in, you see the feed. / If you log in, you see the feed
until vs while	완료 동사 vs 진행 동사	Wait until the show ends. / While we were eating, it snowed

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3) so/such 결과, lest, rather than, as well as

표현 구조 의미/팁 예문

so ~ that	so + 형/부 + that S V	너무 ~해서 …하다	He was so tired that he fell asleep
such ~ that	such + (a/an) + 형 + 명 + that	너무 ~한 …라서	He is such a kind person that everyone likes him
so that ~ may	목적	~하기 위해서	I came so that I may learn
lest ~ should	이중부정 느낌	~하지 않기 위해서	She whispered lest she should wake the baby
rather than	대칭 구조	to V ↔ to V / V-ing ↔ V-ing / 절 ↔ 절	She chose to learn by doing rather than to read manuals. Rather than waiting, we left
as well as	절 불가	명사·형용사·동사원형 가능	Tasks include answering calls as well as maintaining the database

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4) 접속사 vs 전치사

의미 접속사(뒤에 절) 전치사(뒤에 명사/동명사) 예문

이유	because	because of, due to, owing to, on account of	We stayed home because it rained. / Because of rain, we stayed home
시간	while	during	While the show was on, phones were off. / During the show, phones were off
양보	although, though, even if	despite, in spite of	Although it’s late, continue. / Despite the hour, continue
양태	as	like	Do as I say. / Work like a pro
비례	according as	according to	According as you train, you improve. / According to the plan, we pivot
제외	except that	except for, but for	Good except that it’s noisy. / Good except for noise
경우	in case	in case of	Bring cash in case systems fail. / In case of failure, call IT
완료	by the time	by	By the time we arrived, it ended. / Finish by noon

전치사/접속사 둘 다 가능한 것

before, after, until, like, plus, than, considering, assuming

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5) 접속부사

접속부사는 부사이므로 문장을 직접 연결하지 못한다.

문장 연결 시 세미콜론(;) + 접속부사 + 쉼표 또는 등위접속사와 함께 쓴다.

접속부사 의미 예문

therefore, thus, as a result	그래서, 결과적으로	We missed the train; therefore, we took a taxi
however, nevertheless, nonetheless	그럼에도	It seemed easy; however, it was tricky
meanwhile	동시에, 그동안	The team built APIs; meanwhile, QA prepared cases
also, besides, in addition	또한, 게다가	We need time; in addition, we need budget
instead	대신에	Don’t rush; instead, follow the checklist
on the contrary	반대로	It wasn’t dull; on the contrary, it was inspiring
in fact	사실	The model is fast; in fact, it’s the fastest so far
for instance	예를 들어	Many options exist; for instance, try distillation
in short	요컨대	The plan failed; in short, timing was off
then	그 다음에	We scoped; then, we executed
likewise / similarly	마찬가지로	It scaled on CPU; likewise, it scaled on GPU

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6) 부사절 축약

• 주절 주어와 부사절 주어가 같을 때, 부사절 접속사를 유지하고 주어 생략
• 능동: V-ing, 수동: p.p
• because / so that / in case는 축약하지 않는 것이 일반적

접속사 축약 형태 예문

When	When + V-ing / p.p	When making a speech, keep it short. / When trained by experts, outcomes improve
While	While + V-ing / p.p	While staying here, follow rules
Before / After / Since	+ V-ing / (being) p.p	After finishing the task, submit. / Since approved, access is granted
As / Though / If / Once / Unless / Than	+ p.p	The event proceeded as planned. / Profits were higher than expected

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7) 명사절 접속사

명사절은 주어·목적어·보어 역할을 한다.

접속사 뒤 절 예문

that	완전문장	I know that she is honest
if / whether	완전문장	I wonder whether he will join
who / whom	불완전문장	Who will lead is unknown. / Tell me whom you met
what	불완전문장	Show me what you need
which	완전/불완전	Pick which option suits you
when / where / how / why	완전문장	Explain how you solved it

if vs whether 규칙

whether만 허용되는 경우:

1. or not이 바로 뒤
2. 문두 주어 자리
3. to부정사 바로 뒤
4. 전치사 뒤

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분사(Participle) 완벽 가이드: 현재분사·과거분사·분사구문 총정리

 

동명사(gerund) 완벽 정복: 역할·태·시제·결합 동사·관용 표현 총정리

 

영어 부정사(Infinitive) 완전 정복: 형태·용법·의미상 주어·시제·태·관용표현 총정리

 

영어 비교급·최상급 완전 정복: 형태·용법·관용표현까지 한 번에 총정리

 

영어 부사 완전 정복: 역할·위치·종류·접속/문장 부사·형태 변화까지 한 번에 총정리

 

영어 형용사 총정리: 역할·위치·용법·수량표현·수사·전치사 결합 총정리